Dyslexia is often referred to as a Specific Learning Difference/Difficulty SpLD.

Specific learning differences or difficulties (SpLDs) is an overarching term for a number of associated learning differences, e.g., dyslexia, dyspraxia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia. SpLDs can also co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum conditions (ASC).

SpLDs are also known as neurodiverse conditions.

Neurodiversity is a term used to explain that every person works differently. Many people process information in a way that is considered neurotypical. Neurodivergent refers to an individual who processes information differently.

Dyslexia is a subtle interplay of underlying processing differences. These differences can impact on reading and spelling but also on areas like working memory, word finding, organising thoughts in writing, planning and organisational skills, and developing automaticity in reading and writing skills. 

For example:

• Reading may be slow or hesitant, requiring the need to reread for meaning, spelling may be inconsistent and there can be difficulties committing ideas to paper.

• There can be issues with time management, multi-tasking, concentration and sequencing, which can impact on following complex instructions/directions.

• Word finding in speech and pronunciation of certain sounds/words can be an issue, and difficulties remembering spoken information.

• All of which can lead to feelings of overwhelm, frustration and low self-esteem from past experience of learning/performance.

Many dyslexic individuals are able to compensate for the specific weaknesses that are characteristic and can acquire strategies to overcome their processing differences. However, it is not unusual for difficulties to re-emerge, especially where task demands change or increase, for example a new role in work or higher demands in study.